Francis ching architectural graphics path
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- FRANCIS CHING ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS PATH MANUAL
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Geometrically, plan view is defined as a vertical orthographic projection of an object onto a horizontal plane, with the horizontal plane cutting through the building.Ī site plan is a specific type of plan, showing the whole context of a building or group of buildings. beams overhead) can be indicated as dashed lines. The plan view includes anything that could be seen below that level: the floor, stairs (but only up to the plan level), fittings, and sometimes furniture.
FRANCIS CHING ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS PATH WINDOWS
Technically it is a horizontal section cut through a building (conventionally at four feet / one metre and twenty centimetres above floor level), showing walls, windows and door openings, and other features at that level. Floor plan Ī floor plan is the most fundamental architectural diagram, a view from above showing the arrangement of spaces in a building in the same way as a map, but showing the arrangement at a particular level of a building. Principal floor plans of the Queen's House, Greenwich (UK). The disclaimer "Do not scale off dimensions" is commonly inscribed on architects' drawings, to guard against errors arising in the copying process. Consequently, dimensions need to be written ("figured") on the drawing. All processes of reproduction introduce small errors, especially now that different copying methods mean that the same drawing may be re-copied, or copies made in several different ways. A third method, used by builders in estimating, is to measure directly off the drawing and multiply by the scale factor.ĭimensions can be measured off drawings made on a stable medium such as vellum. Architects normally use a scale ruler with different scales marked on each edge. On a one-eighth inch to one-foot scale drawing, the one-eighth divisions on the ruler can be read off as feet. Imperial scales (feet and inches) are equally readable using an ordinary ruler. Scale drawings enable dimensions to be "read" off the drawing, i.e.
FRANCIS CHING ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS PATH FULL SIZE
Construction details are drawn to a larger scale, in some cases full size (1 to 1 scale).
At a larger scale, half an inch to one foot (1:24) or the nearest common metric equivalent 1 to 20, the layers of different materials that make up the wall construction are shown. On the scale of one-eighth of an inch to one foot (1:96) or the metric equivalent of 1 to 100, walls are typically shown as simple outlines corresponding to the overall thickness. The scale is chosen both to ensure the whole building will fit on the chosen sheet size and to show the required amount of detail. Īrchitectural drawings are drawn to scale so that relative sizes are correctly represented. Sizes are determined by a consistent paper size system, according to local usage. The drafting process may impose limitations on the size that is realistically workable. The size of drawings reflects the materials available and the size that is convenient to transport – rolled up or folded, laid out on a table, or pinned up on a wall. Main articles: Paper size, Engineer's scale, Architect's scale, and Metric scale Today the vast majority of drawings are created using CAD software.
FRANCIS CHING ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS PATH MANUAL
The development of the computer had a major impact on the methods used to design and create technical drawings, making manual drawing almost obsolete, and opening up new possibilities of form using organic shapes and complex geometry. The twentieth century saw a shift to drawing on tracing paper so that mechanical copies could be run off efficiently. Historically, drawings were made in ink on paper or similar material, and any copies required had to be laboriously made by hand. Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building contractor to construct it based on design intent, as a record of the design and planned development, or to make a record of a building that already exists.Īrchitectural drawings are made according to a set of conventions, which include particular views ( floor plan, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotation and cross referencing. 18th-century axonometric plan, Port-Royal-des-ChampsĪn architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.